Red Cloud (or Maȟpíya Lúta) (1822-1909) was an important leader of the Oglala Lakota who led a successful campaign against the U.S. Army between 1866 and 1868. On December 29, 1890, near Wounded Knee Creek on the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, U.S. Calvary troops fired on a group of Lakota people, many of them women and children, and killed more than 150 and wounded 51, some of whom died later. As students read, they should take notes on Chief Red Cloud’s reaction to the Wounded Knee Massacre and how he traces back to the cause of this tragedy. This text is for 10th grade students.