var presentation = ["<word>remembering important people and events<\/word>","<phrase>Black History Month is an annual observance originating in the United States, where it is also known as African-American History Month. It has received official recognition from governments in the United States and Canada, and more recently has been observed unofficially in Ireland, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. It began as a way of <strong data-readahead=\"remembering important people and events\" class=\"presentation_word\">remembering important people and events<\/strong> in the history of the African diaspora. It is celebrated in February in the United States and Canada, while in Ireland, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom it is observed in October.<\/phrase>","<word>Carter G. Woodson<\/word>","<word>the second week of February<\/word>","<word>annually celebrated<\/word>","<phrase>History\nNegro History Week (1926)\nThe precursor to Black History Month was created in 1926 in the United States, when historian <strong data-readahead=\"Carter G. Woodson\" class=\"presentation_word\">Carter G. Woodson<\/strong> and the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History announced <strong data-readahead=\"the second week of February\" class=\"presentation_word\">the second week of February<\/strong> to be \"Negro History Week\". This week was chosen because it coincided with the birthday of Abraham Lincoln on February 12 and of Frederick Douglass on February 14, both of which dates black communities had celebrated together since the late 19th century. Negro History Week was the center of the equation. The thought-process behind the week was never recorded, but scholars acknowledge two reasons for its birth: recognition and importance. Woodson felt deeply that at least one week would allow for the general movement to become something <strong data-readahead=\"annually celebrated\" class=\"presentation_word\">annually celebrated<\/strong>. Also, after the ten year long haul to successfully complete his \"Journal of Negro History\", he realized the subject deserved to resonate with a greater audience.<\/phrase>","<word>teaching of the history of black Americans<\/word>","<phrase>From the event's initial phase, primary emphasis was placed on encouraging the coordinated <strong data-readahead=\"teaching of the history of black Americans\" class=\"presentation_word\">teaching of the history of black Americans<\/strong> in the nation's public schools. The first Negro History Week was met with a lukewarm response, gaining the cooperation of the Departments of Education of the states of North Carolina, Delaware, and West Virginia as well as the city school administrations of Baltimore and Washington, D.C.. Despite this far from universal observance, the event was regarded by Woodson as \"one of the most fortunate steps ever taken by the Association\", and plans for a repeat of the event on an annual basis continued apace.<\/phrase>","<word>physical and intellectual survival of the race<\/word>","<phrase>At the time of Negro History Week's launch, Woodson contended that the teaching of black history was essential to ensure the <strong data-readahead=\"physical and intellectual survival of the race\" class=\"presentation_word\">physical and intellectual survival of the race<\/strong> within broader society:\nIf a race has no history, it has no worthwhile tradition, it becomes a negligible factor in the thought of the world, and it stands in danger of being exterminated. The American Indian left no continuous record. He did not appreciate the value of tradition; and where is he today? The Hebrew keenly appreciated the value of tradition, as is attested by the Bible itself. In spite of worldwide persecution, therefore, he is a great factor in our civilization.<\/phrase>","<phrase>By 1929, The Journal of Negro History was able to note that with only two exceptions, officials with the State Departments of Educations of \"every state with considerable Negro population\" had made the event known to that state's teachers and distributed official literature associated with the event\". Churches also played a significant role in the distribution of literature in association with Negro History Week during this initial interval, with the mainstream and black press aiding in the publicity effort.<\/phrase>","<word>Black history clubs<\/word>","<word>progressive whites<\/word>","<phrase>Negro History Week was met with enthusiastic response; it prompted the creation of <strong data-readahead=\"Black history clubs\" class=\"presentation_word\">Black history clubs<\/strong>, an increase in interest among teachers, and interest from <strong data-readahead=\"progressive whites\" class=\"presentation_word\">progressive whites<\/strong>. Negro History Week grew in popularity throughout the following decades, with mayors across the United States endorsing it as a holiday.<\/phrase>","<word>Kent State University<\/word>","<phrase>United States: Black History Month (1970)\nBlack History Month was first proposed by black educators and the Black United Students at <strong data-readahead=\"Kent State University\" class=\"presentation_word\">Kent State University<\/strong> in February 1969. The first celebration of Black History Month took place at Kent State one year later, from January 2, 1970 \u2013 February 28, 1970.<\/phrase>","<word>all across the country<\/word>","<word>President Gerald Ford recognized Black History Month<\/word>","<phrase>Six years later, Black History Month was being celebrated <strong data-readahead=\"all across the country\" class=\"presentation_word\">all across the country<\/strong> in educational institutions, centers of Black culture and community centers, both great and small, when <strong data-readahead=\"President Gerald Ford recognized Black History Month\" class=\"presentation_word\">President Gerald Ford recognized Black History Month<\/strong>, during the celebration of the United States Bicentennial. He urged Americans to \"seize the opportunity to honor the too-often neglected accomplishments of Black Americans in every area of endeavor throughout our history\".<\/phrase>","<word>first celebrated in London<\/word>","<phrase>United Kingdom (1987)\nIn the United Kingdom, Black History Month was first celebrated in 1987. It was organised through the leadership of Ghanaian analyst Akyaaba Addai-Sebo, who had served as a coordinator of special projects for the Greater London Council (GLC) and created a collaboration to get it underway. It was <strong data-readahead=\"first celebrated in London\" class=\"presentation_word\">first celebrated in London<\/strong>.<\/phrase>","<word>Jean Augustine<\/word>","<word>honored Black Canadians<\/word>","<word>unanimously approved<\/word>","<phrase>Canada (1995)\nIn 1995, after a motion by politician <strong data-readahead=\"Jean Augustine\" class=\"presentation_word\">Jean Augustine<\/strong>, representing the riding of Etobicoke-Lakeshore in Ontario, Canada's House of Commons officially recognized February as Black History Month and <strong data-readahead=\"honored Black Canadians\" class=\"presentation_word\">honored Black Canadians<\/strong>. In 2008, Senator Donald Oliver moved to have the Senate officially recognize Black History Month, which was <strong data-readahead=\"unanimously approved\" class=\"presentation_word\">unanimously approved<\/strong>.<\/phrase>","<phrase>Republic of Ireland (2010)\nIreland's Great Hunger Institute, at Quinnipiac University in Connecticut, notes: \"Black History Month Ireland was initiated in Cork in 2010. This location seems particularly appropriate as, in the 19th century, the city was a leading center of abolition, and the male and female anti-slavery societies welcomed a number of black abolitionists to lecture there, including Charles Lenox Remond and Frederick Douglass.\"<\/phrase>","<word>controversy<\/word>","<word>integration of black history<\/word>","<word>reduce complex historical figures<\/word>","<phrase>Developments\nWhen first established, black history month resulted in some <strong data-readahead=\"controversy\" class=\"presentation_word\">controversy<\/strong>. Those who believed that black history month was limited to educational institutions questioned whether it was appropriate to confine the celebration of Black history to one month, as opposed to <strong data-readahead=\"integration of black history\" class=\"presentation_word\">integration of black history<\/strong> into the mainstream education the rest of the year. Another concern was that contrary to the original inspiration for Black History Month, which was a desire to redress the manner in which American schools failed to represent Black historical figures as anything other than slaves or colonial subjects, Black History Month could <strong data-readahead=\"reduce complex historical figures\" class=\"presentation_word\">reduce complex historical figures<\/strong> to overly simplified objects of \"hero worship.\" Other critics refer to the celebration as a form of racism. Actor and director Morgan Freeman and actress Stacey Dash have criticized the concept of declaring only one month as Black History Month. Freeman noted, \"I don't want a Black history month. Black history is American history.\"<\/phrase>","<phrase>Since its inception, black history month has expanded beyond its initial acceptance in educational establishments. By 2020, Black History month had become a focus beyond schools. The Wall Street Journal describes it as \"a time when the culture and contributions of African Americans take center stage\" in a variety of cultural institutions including theaters, libraries and museums. It has also garnered attention from the U.S. business community. In February 2020 Forbes noted that \"much of corporate America is commemorating\" black history month including The Coca-Cola Company, Google, Target Corporation, Macy's, United Parcel Service and Under Armour.<\/phrase>"];
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