var presentation = ["Thelma Catherine (Pat) Nixon<\/word>","Patricia<\/word>","Richard Nixon<\/word>","37th President of the United States<\/word>","First Lady of the United States<\/word>","American educator<\/word>","30 years<\/word>","public life<\/word>","Thelma Catherine (Pat) Nixon<\/strong> (March 16, 1912 \u2013 June 22, 1993), also commonly known as Patricia<\/strong> Nixon, was an American educator<\/strong> and the wife of Richard Nixon<\/strong>, the 37th President of the United States<\/strong>. During her more than 30 years<\/strong> in public life<\/strong>, she served as both the Second and First Lady of the United States<\/strong>.<\/phrase>","Ely, Nevada<\/word>","Cerritos, California<\/word>","Richard Nixon<\/word>","Julie<\/word>","General Dwight D. Eisenhower<\/word>","two brothers<\/word>","high school<\/word>","Fullerton Junior College<\/word>","later<\/word>","University of Southern California<\/word>","her schooling<\/word>","multiple jobs<\/word>","pharmacy manager<\/word>","retail clerk<\/word>","two daughters<\/word>","Tricia<\/word>","Dubbed<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","congressional campaigns<\/word>","Second Lady<\/word>","add<\/word>","village markets<\/word>","many missions<\/word>","Born in Ely, Nevada<\/strong>, she grew up with her two brothers<\/strong> in what is now Cerritos, California<\/strong>, graduating from high school<\/strong> in 1929. She attended Fullerton Junior College<\/strong> and later<\/strong> the University of Southern California<\/strong>. She paid for her schooling<\/strong> by working multiple jobs<\/strong>, including pharmacy manager<\/strong>, typist, radiographer, and retail clerk<\/strong>. In 1940, she married lawyer Richard Nixon<\/strong> and they had two daughters<\/strong>, Tricia<\/strong> and Julie<\/strong>. Dubbed<\/strong> the \"Nixon team,\" Richard and Pat<\/strong> Nixon campaigned together in his successful congressional campaigns<\/strong> of 1946 and 1948. Richard Nixon<\/strong> was elected Vice President in 1952 alongside General Dwight D. Eisenhower<\/strong>, whereupon Pat<\/strong> became Second Lady<\/strong>. Pat<\/strong> Nixon did much to add<\/strong> substance to the role of the Vice President's wife, insisting on visiting schools, orphanages, hospitals, and village markets<\/strong> as she undertook many missions<\/strong> of goodwill across the world.<\/phrase>","White House<\/word>","China<\/word>","representative of the United States<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","number<\/word>","charitable causes<\/word>","600 pieces<\/word>","historic art and furnishings<\/word>","other administration<\/word>","record<\/word>","later<\/word>","visit<\/word>","Soviet Union<\/word>","solo trips<\/word>","Africa<\/word>","South America<\/word>","her recognition<\/word>","Madame Ambassador<\/word>","enter<\/word>","combat zone<\/word>","landslide victory<\/word>","President Nixon<\/word>","two years<\/word>","Watergate<\/word>","As First Lady, Pat<\/strong> Nixon promoted a number<\/strong> of charitable causes<\/strong>, including volunteerism. She oversaw the collection of more than 600 pieces<\/strong> of historic art and furnishings<\/strong> for the White House<\/strong>, an acquisition larger than that of any other administration<\/strong>. She was the most traveled First Lady in U.S. history, a record<\/strong> unsurpassed until twenty-five years later<\/strong>. She accompanied the President as the first First Lady to visit<\/strong> China<\/strong> and the Soviet Union<\/strong>, and was the first President's wife to be officially designated a representative of the United States<\/strong> on her solo trips<\/strong> to Africa<\/strong> and South America<\/strong>, which gained her recognition<\/strong> as \"Madame Ambassador<\/strong>\"; she was also the first First Lady to enter<\/strong> a combat zone<\/strong>. Her tenure ended when, after being re-elected in a landslide victory<\/strong> in 1972, President Nixon<\/strong> resigned two years<\/strong> later<\/strong> amid the Watergate<\/strong> scandal.<\/phrase>","San Clemente, California<\/word>","public appearances<\/word>","later<\/word>","later moved<\/word>","New Jersey<\/word>","two strokes<\/word>","lung cancer<\/word>","Her public appearances<\/strong> became increasingly rare later<\/strong> in life. She and her husband settled in San Clemente, California<\/strong>, and later moved<\/strong> to New Jersey<\/strong>. She suffered two strokes<\/strong>, one in 1976 and another in 1983, and was diagnosed with lung cancer<\/strong> in 1992. She died in 1993, aged 81.<\/phrase>","Ely, Nevada<\/word>","William M. Ryan Sr.<\/word>","Saint Patrick's Day<\/word>","Patricia<\/word>","Thelma Catherine Ryan<\/word>","small mining town<\/word>","Her father<\/word>","gold miner<\/word>","truck farmer<\/word>","Irish ancestry<\/word>","her mother<\/word>","Katherine Halberstadt<\/word>","German immigrant<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","her birth<\/word>","name<\/word>","occasionally using<\/word>","name change<\/word>","legal action<\/word>","Thelma Catherine Ryan<\/strong> was born in 1912 in the small mining town<\/strong> of Ely, Nevada<\/strong>. Her father<\/strong>, William M. Ryan Sr.<\/strong>, was a sailor, gold miner<\/strong>, and truck farmer<\/strong> of Irish ancestry<\/strong>; her mother<\/strong>, Katherine Halberstadt<\/strong>, was a German immigrant<\/strong>. The nickname \"Pat<\/strong>\" was given to her by Her father<\/strong>, because of her birth<\/strong> on the day before Saint Patrick's Day<\/strong> and her Irish ancestry<\/strong>. Upon enrolling in college in 1931, she stopped using the name<\/strong> Thelma, replacing it with Pat<\/strong> and occasionally using<\/strong> the name<\/strong> Patricia<\/strong>. The name change<\/strong> was not a legal action<\/strong>, however, merely one of preference.<\/phrase>","local bank<\/word>","janitor and bookkeeper<\/word>","her mother<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","household duties<\/word>","Her father<\/word>","older brothers<\/word>","William Jr<\/word>","Thomas<\/word>","also had<\/word>","Neva Bender<\/word>","Matthew Bender<\/word>","first marriage<\/word>","first husband<\/word>","flash flood<\/word>","South Dakota<\/word>","She worked on the family farm and also at a local bank<\/strong> as a janitor and bookkeeper<\/strong>. her mother<\/strong> died of cancer in 1924. Pat<\/strong>, who was only 12, assumed all the household duties<\/strong> for Her father<\/strong> and her two older brothers<\/strong>, William Jr<\/strong>. and Thomas<\/strong>. She also had<\/strong> a half-sister, Neva Bender<\/strong>, and a half-brother, Matthew Bender<\/strong>, from her mother<\/strong>'s first marriage<\/strong>; her mother<\/strong>'s first husband<\/strong> had died during a flash flood<\/strong> in South Dakota<\/strong>.<\/phrase>","First Ladies<\/word>","before marrying<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","Gloria Steinem<\/word>","presidential campaign<\/word>","never had<\/word>","time<\/word>","like<\/word>","dream<\/word>","work<\/word>","It has been said that few, if any, First Ladies<\/strong> worked as consistently before marrying<\/strong> as did Pat<\/strong> Nixon. As she told the writer Gloria Steinem<\/strong> during the 1968 presidential campaign<\/strong>, \"I never had<\/strong> time<\/strong> to think about things like<\/strong> that-who I wanted to be, or who I admired, or to have ideas. I never had<\/strong> time<\/strong> to dream<\/strong> about being anyone else. I had to work<\/strong>.\"<\/phrase>","Excelsior High School<\/word>","Fullerton College<\/word>","her education<\/word>","odd jobs<\/word>","pharmacy manager<\/word>","telephone operator<\/word>","also earned<\/word>","local bank<\/word>","New York City<\/word>","After graduating from Excelsior High School<\/strong> in 1929, she attended Fullerton College<\/strong>. She paid for her education<\/strong> by working odd jobs<\/strong>, including as a driver, a pharmacy manager<\/strong>, a telephone operator<\/strong>, and a typist. She also earned<\/strong> money sweeping the floors of a local bank<\/strong>, and from 1930 until 1931, she lived in New York City<\/strong>, working as a secretary and also as a radiographer.<\/phrase>","University of Southern California<\/word>","part-time jobs<\/word>","sales clerk<\/word>","department store<\/word>","touch typing and shorthand<\/word>","high school<\/word>","also supplemented<\/word>","her income<\/word>","bit player<\/word>","film industry<\/word>","screen tests<\/word>","brief appearances<\/word>","Becky Sharp<\/word>","Great Ziegfeld<\/word>","Small Town Girl<\/word>","Determined \"to make something out of myself\", she enrolled in 1931 at the University of Southern California<\/strong>, where she majored in merchandising. She held part-time jobs<\/strong> on campus, worked as a sales clerk<\/strong> in a department store<\/strong>, and taught touch typing and shorthand<\/strong> at a high school<\/strong>. She also supplemented<\/strong> her income<\/strong> by working as an extra and bit player<\/strong> in the film industry<\/strong>, for which she took several screen tests<\/strong>. In this capacity, she made brief appearances<\/strong> in films such as Becky Sharp<\/strong>, The Great Ziegfeld<\/strong>, and Small Town Girl<\/strong>.<\/phrase>","Master's degree<\/word>","Pat Ryan<\/word>","cum laude<\/word>","USC with a Bachelor of Science<\/word>","high school level<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","high school teacher<\/word>","Whittier<\/word>","In 1937, Pat Ryan<\/strong> graduated cum laude<\/strong> from USC with a Bachelor of Science<\/strong> degree in merchandising, together with a certificate to teach at the high school level<\/strong>, which USC deemed equivalent to a Master's degree<\/strong>. Pat<\/strong> accepted a position as a high school teacher<\/strong> in Whittier<\/strong>, California.<\/phrase>","Richard Nixon<\/word>","Little Theater group<\/word>","Whittier<\/word>","Pat Ryan<\/word>","young lawyer<\/word>","Duke University School of Law<\/word>","Dark Tower<\/word>","Known as Dick<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","marry<\/word>","first night<\/word>","nuts or something<\/word>","Irish Gypsy<\/word>","two years<\/word>","even driving<\/word>","her dates<\/word>","other men<\/word>","While in Whittier<\/strong>, Pat Ryan<\/strong> met Richard Nixon<\/strong>, a young lawyer<\/strong> who had recently graduated from the Duke University School of Law<\/strong>. The two became acquainted at a Little Theater group<\/strong> when they were cast together in The Dark Tower<\/strong>. Known as Dick<\/strong>, he asked Pat<\/strong> to marry<\/strong> him the first night<\/strong> they went out. \"I thought he was nuts or something<\/strong>!\" she recalled. He courted the redhead he called his \"wild Irish Gypsy<\/strong>\" for two years<\/strong>, even driving<\/strong> her to and from her dates<\/strong> with other men<\/strong>.<\/phrase>","Richard Nixon<\/word>","secretary for the American Red Cross<\/word>","United States Navy<\/word>","eventually married<\/word>","Mission Inn in Riverside<\/word>","always doing<\/word>","later<\/word>","realize<\/word>","much fun<\/word>","World War II<\/word>","Office of Price Administration<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","also qualified<\/word>","price analyst<\/word>","then joined<\/word>","San Francisco<\/word>","work<\/word>","economic analyst<\/word>","They eventually married<\/strong> on June 21, 1940, at the Mission Inn in Riverside<\/strong>, California. She said that she had been attracted to the young Nixon because he \"was going places, he was vital and ambitious ... he was always doing<\/strong> things\". later<\/strong>, referring to Richard Nixon<\/strong>, she said, \"Oh but you just don't realize<\/strong> how much fun<\/strong> he is! He's just so much fun<\/strong>!\" As U.S. involvement in World War II<\/strong> began, the couple moved to Washington, D.C., with Richard taking a position as a lawyer for the Office of Price Administration<\/strong>; Pat<\/strong> worked as a secretary for the American Red Cross<\/strong>, but also qualified<\/strong> as a price analyst<\/strong> for the OPA. He then joined<\/strong> the United States Navy<\/strong>, and while he was stationed in San Francisco<\/strong>, she resumed work<\/strong> for the OPA as an economic analyst<\/strong>.<\/phrase>","Richard Nixon<\/word>","often praising<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","her work<\/word>","frequent gifts<\/word>","state dinners<\/word>","turn<\/word>","protect<\/word>","In private, Richard Nixon<\/strong> was described as being \"unabashedly sentimental\", often praising<\/strong> Pat<\/strong> for her work<\/strong>, remembering anniversaries and surprising her with frequent gifts<\/strong>. During state dinners<\/strong>, he ordered the protocol changed so that Pat<\/strong> could be served first. Pat<\/strong>, in turn<\/strong>, felt that her husband was vulnerable and sought to protect<\/strong> him.<\/phrase>","United States House of Representatives<\/word>","Patricia<\/word>","Julie<\/word>","U.S. House of Representatives<\/word>","United States Senate<\/word>","Dwight D. Eisenhower's vice presidential candidate<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","successfully ran<\/word>","same year<\/word>","daughter and namesake<\/word>","Tricia<\/word>","last child<\/word>","once stated<\/word>","only thing<\/word>","help<\/word>","his opponent<\/word>","Jerry Voorhis<\/word>","also wrote<\/word>","campaign literature<\/word>","first campaign<\/word>","congressional district<\/word>","six years<\/word>","saw<\/word>","move<\/word>","then be<\/word>","Pat<\/strong> campaigned at her husband's side in 1946 when he entered politics and successfully ran<\/strong> for a seat in the United States House of Representatives<\/strong>. That same year<\/strong>, she gave birth to a daughter and namesake<\/strong>, Patricia<\/strong>, known as Tricia<\/strong>. In 1948, Pat<\/strong> had her second and last child<\/strong>, Julie<\/strong>. When asked about her husband's career, Pat<\/strong> once stated<\/strong>, \"The only thing<\/strong> I could do was help<\/strong> him, but [politics] was not a life I would have chosen.\" Pat<\/strong> participated in the campaign by doing research on his opponent<\/strong>, incumbent Jerry Voorhis<\/strong>. She also wrote<\/strong> and distributed campaign literature<\/strong>. Nixon was elected in his first campaign<\/strong> to represent California's 12th congressional district<\/strong>. During the next six years<\/strong>, Pat<\/strong> saw<\/strong> her husband move<\/strong> from the U.S. House of Representatives<\/strong> to the United States Senate<\/strong>, and then be<\/strong> nominated as Dwight D. Eisenhower's vice presidential candidate<\/strong>.<\/phrase>","vice presidential nomination<\/word>","Checkers speech<\/word>","time<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","not have<\/word>","six years<\/word>","pick<\/word>","news bulletin<\/word>","Republican National Convention<\/word>","presidential campaign<\/word>","At the time<\/strong> of her husband coming under consideration for the vice presidential nomination<\/strong>, Pat<\/strong> Nixon was against her husband accepting the selection, as she despised campaigns and had been relieved that as a newly elected senator he would not have<\/strong> another one for six years<\/strong>. She thought she had prevailed in convincing him, until she heard the announcement of the pick<\/strong> from a news bulletin<\/strong> while at the 1952 Republican National Convention<\/strong>. During the presidential campaign<\/strong> of 1952, Pat<\/strong> Nixon's attitude toward politics changed when her husband was accused of accepting illegal campaign contributions. Pat<\/strong> encouraged him to fight the charges, and he did so by delivering the famed \"Checkers speech<\/strong>\", so-called for the family's dog, a cocker spaniel given to them by a political supporter. This was Pat<\/strong>'s first national television appearance, and she, her daughters, and the dog were featured prominently.<\/phrase>","Nation's Ideal Housewife<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","Outstanding Homemaker of the Year<\/word>","Mother of the Year<\/word>","New York Times<\/word>","work<\/word>","Pat<\/strong> Nixon was named Outstanding Homemaker of the Year<\/strong>, Mother of the Year<\/strong>, and the Nation's Ideal Housewife<\/strong>, and once admitted that she pressed all of her husband's suits one evening. \"Of course, I didn't have to,\" she told The New York Times<\/strong>, \"But when I don't have work<\/strong> to do, I just think up some new project.\"<\/phrase>","President of the United States<\/word>","Senator John F. Kennedy<\/word>","tears<\/word>","Vice President Nixon<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","Pat for First Lady<\/word>","race<\/word>","close<\/word>","smile<\/word>","face<\/word>","In the 1960 election, Vice President Nixon<\/strong> ran for President of the United States<\/strong> against Democratic opponent Senator John F. Kennedy<\/strong>. Pat<\/strong> was featured prominently in the effort; an entire advertising campaign was built around the slogan \"Pat for First Lady<\/strong>\". Nixon conceded the election to Kennedy, although the race<\/strong> was very close<\/strong> and there were allegations of voter fraud. Pat<\/strong> had urged her husband to demand a recount of votes, though Nixon declined. Pat<\/strong> was most upset about the television cameras, which recorded her reaction when her husband lost-\"millions of television viewers witnessed her desperate fight to hold a smile<\/strong> upon her lips as her face<\/strong> came apart and the bitter tears<\/strong> flowed from her eyes\", as one reporter put it.<\/phrase>","Richard Nixon<\/word>","presidency<\/word>","controversial figure<\/word>","Vice-President Hubert Humphrey<\/word>","six years<\/word>","later<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","face<\/word>","six years<\/strong> later<\/strong>, Richard Nixon<\/strong> ran again for the presidency<\/strong>. Pat<\/strong> was reluctant to face<\/strong> another campaign, her eighth since 1946. Her husband was a deeply controversial figure<\/strong> in American politics, and Pat<\/strong> had witnessed and shared the praise and vilification he had received without having established an independent public identity for herself. Although she supported him in his career, she feared another 1960, when Nixon lost to Kennedy. She consented, however, and participated in the campaign by traveling on campaign trips with her husband. Richard Nixon<\/strong> made a political comeback with his presidential victory of 1968 over Vice-President Hubert Humphrey<\/strong>-and the country had a new First Lady.<\/phrase>","high virtue<\/word>","personal diplomacy<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","Lady Bird Johnson<\/word>","continue<\/word>","Pat<\/strong> Nixon felt that the First Lady should always set a public example of high virtue<\/strong> as a symbol of dignity, but she refused to revel in the trappings of the position. When considering ideas for a project as First Lady, Pat<\/strong> refused to do (or be) something simply to emulate her predecessor, Lady Bird Johnson<\/strong>. She decided to continue<\/strong> what she called \"personal diplomacy<\/strong>\", which meant traveling and visiting people in other states or other nations.<\/phrase>","promotion of volunteerism<\/word>","volunteering at hospitals, civic organizations, and rehabilitation centers<\/word>","Jacqueline Kennedy<\/word>","level<\/word>","Lady Bird Johnson<\/word>","One of her major initiatives as First Lady was the promotion of volunteerism<\/strong>, in which she encouraged Americans to address social problems at the local level<\/strong> through volunteering at hospitals, civic organizations, and rehabilitation centers<\/strong>. She stated, \"Our success as a nation depends on our willingness to give generously of ourselves for the welfare and enrichment of the lives of others.\" Some reporters viewed her choice of volunteerism as safe and dull compared to the initiatives undertaken by Lady Bird Johnson<\/strong> and Jacqueline Kennedy<\/strong>.<\/phrase>","President's Committee on Employment of the Handicapped<\/word>","White House<\/word>","senior citizens<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","support<\/word>","Thanksgiving<\/word>","not have<\/word>","George Washington<\/word>","Pat<\/strong> Nixon became involved in the development of recreation areas and parkland, was a member of the President's Committee on Employment of the Handicapped<\/strong>, and lent her support<\/strong> to organizations dedicated to improving the lives of handicapped children. For her first Thanksgiving<\/strong> in the White House<\/strong>, Pat<\/strong> organized a meal for 225 senior citizens<\/strong> who did not have<\/strong> families. The following year, she invited wounded servicemen to a second annual Thanksgiving<\/strong> meal in the White House<\/strong>. Though presidents since George Washington<\/strong> had been issuing Thanksgiving<\/strong> proclamations, Pat<\/strong> became the only First Lady to issue one.<\/phrase>","exterior lighting system<\/word>","White House<\/word>","American flag<\/word>","develop<\/word>","glow<\/word>","She worked with engineers to develop<\/strong> an exterior lighting system<\/strong> for the entire White House<\/strong>, literally making it glow<\/strong> a soft white. She ordered the American flag<\/strong> atop the White House<\/strong> flown day and night, even when the president was not in residence.<\/phrase>","translated<\/word>","ramps<\/word>","handicapped and physically disabled<\/word>","tour guides<\/word>","Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library<\/word>","lip-read<\/word>","attend<\/word>","learn<\/word>","help<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","blind<\/word>","touch<\/word>","She ordered pamphlets describing the rooms of the house for tourists so they could understand everything, and had them translated<\/strong> into Spanish, French, Italian and Russian for foreigners. She had ramps<\/strong> installed for the handicapped and physically disabled<\/strong>. She instructed the police who served as tour guides<\/strong> to attend<\/strong> sessions at the Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library<\/strong> (to learn<\/strong> how tours were guided \"in a real museum\"), and arranged for them to wear less menacing uniforms, with their guns hidden underneath. The tour guides<\/strong> were to speak slowly to deaf groups, to help<\/strong> those who lip-read<\/strong>, and Pat<\/strong> ordered that the blind<\/strong> be able to touch<\/strong> the antiques.<\/phrase>","Jacqueline Kennedy<\/word>","White House's official portraits<\/word>","White House<\/word>","Caroline<\/word>","John Jr<\/word>","President Kennedy<\/word>","time<\/word>","Kennedys<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","visit<\/word>","trip<\/word>","attempt<\/word>","Rose Kennedy<\/word>","She invited former First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy<\/strong> and her children Caroline<\/strong> and John Jr<\/strong>. to dine with her family and view the White House's official portraits<\/strong> of her and her husband, the late President Kennedy<\/strong>. It was the first time<\/strong> that the three Kennedys<\/strong> had returned to the White House<\/strong> since the president's assassination eight years earlier. Pat<\/strong> had ordered the visit<\/strong> to be kept secret from the media until after the trip<\/strong>'s conclusion in an attempt<\/strong> to maintain privacy for the Kennedys<\/strong>. She also invited President Kennedy<\/strong>'s mother Rose Kennedy<\/strong> to see her son's official portrait.<\/phrase>","Roe vs. Wade<\/word>","pro-choice<\/word>","Supreme Court<\/word>","American First<\/word>","support<\/word>","Equal Rights Amendment<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","She spoke out in favor of women running for political office and encouraged her husband to nominate a woman to the Supreme Court<\/strong>, saying \"woman power is unbeatable; I've seen it all across this country\". She was the first of the American First<\/strong> Ladies to publicly support<\/strong> the Equal Rights Amendment<\/strong>, though her views on abortion were mixed. Following the Court's 1973 Roe vs. Wade<\/strong> decision, Pat<\/strong> stated she was pro-choice<\/strong>. However, in 1972, she said, \"I'm really not for abortion. I think it's a personal thing. I mean abortion on demand-wholesale.\"<\/phrase>","Great Peruvian earthquake of 1970<\/word>","volunteer American relief drive<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","After hearing about the Great Peruvian earthquake of 1970<\/strong>, which caused an avalanche and additional destruction, Pat<\/strong> initiated a \"volunteer American relief drive<\/strong>\" and flew to the country, where she aided in taking relief supplies to earthquake victims. She toured damaged regions and embraced homeless townspeople; they trailed her as she climbed up hills of rubble and under fallen beams.<\/phrase>","Ghana, Liberia<\/word>","Grand Cordon of the Most Venerable Order of Knighthood<\/word>","Vive Madame Nixon<\/word>","visit<\/word>","Africa<\/word>","Ivory Coast<\/word>","Liberia<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","later<\/word>","Ghana<\/word>","Parliament<\/word>","She became the first First Lady to visit<\/strong> Africa<\/strong> in 1972, on a 10,000-mile, eight-day journey to Ghana, Liberia<\/strong>, and the Ivory Coast<\/strong>. Upon arrival in Liberia<\/strong>, Pat<\/strong> was honored with a 19-gun salute, a tribute reserved only for heads of government, and she reviewed troops. She later<\/strong> donned a traditional native costume and danced with locals. She was awarded the Grand Cordon of the Most Venerable Order of Knighthood<\/strong>, Liberia<\/strong>'s highest honor. In Ghana<\/strong>, she again danced with local residents, and addressed the nation's Parliament<\/strong>. In the Ivory Coast<\/strong>, she was met by a quarter of a million people shouting \"Vive Madame Nixon<\/strong>!\" She conferred with leaders of all three African nations.<\/phrase>","Democratic National Committee<\/word>","time<\/word>","Watergate<\/word>","later<\/word>","press<\/word>","cause<\/word>","back<\/word>","President Nixon<\/word>","At the time<\/strong> the Watergate<\/strong> scandal broke to the media, Nixon \"barely noticed\" the reports of a break-in at the Democratic National Committee<\/strong> headquarters. later<\/strong>, when asked by the press<\/strong> about Watergate<\/strong>, she replied curtly, \"I know only what I read in the newspapers.\" In 1974, when a reporter asked \"Is the press<\/strong> the cause<\/strong> of the president's problems?\", she shot back<\/strong>, \"What problems?\" Privately, she felt that the power of her husband's staff was increasing, and President Nixon<\/strong> was becoming more removed from what was occurring in the administration.<\/phrase>","secret tape recordings<\/word>","Julie Nixon Eisenhower<\/word>","vigorously opposed<\/word>","resign<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","learn<\/word>","love<\/word>","Pat<\/strong> Nixon did not know of the secret tape recordings<\/strong> her husband had made. Julie Nixon Eisenhower<\/strong> stated that the First Lady would have ordered the tapes destroyed immediately, had she known of their existence. Once she did learn<\/strong> of the tapes, she vigorously opposed<\/strong> making them public, and compared them to \"private love<\/strong> letters-for one person alone\". Believing in her husband's innocence, she also encouraged him not to resign<\/strong> and instead fight all the impeachment charges that were eventually leveled against him.<\/phrase>","resign<\/word>","presidency<\/word>","White House curator Clement Conger<\/word>","china pattern<\/word>","Lenox China Company<\/word>","White House<\/word>","President Nixon<\/word>","last<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","sign<\/word>","later<\/word>","After President Nixon<\/strong> told his family he would resign<\/strong> the office of the presidency<\/strong>, she replied \"But why?\" She contacted White House curator Clement Conger<\/strong> to cancel any further development of a new official china pattern<\/strong> from the Lenox China Company<\/strong>, and began supervising the packing of the family's personal belongings. On August 7, 1974, the family met in the solarium of the White House<\/strong> for their last<\/strong> dinner. Pat<\/strong> sat on the edge of a couch and held her chin high, a sign<\/strong> of tension to her husband. When the president walked in, she threw her arms around him, kissed him, and said, \"We're all very proud of you, Daddy.\" later<\/strong> Pat<\/strong> Nixon said of the photographs taken that evening, \"Our hearts were breaking and there we are smiling.\"<\/phrase>","farewell speech<\/word>","White House<\/word>","Theodore Roosevelt's biography<\/word>","tears<\/word>","Executive Mansion's South Lawn<\/word>","Vice President Gerald Ford<\/word>","Betty Ford<\/word>","East Room<\/word>","time<\/word>","own<\/word>","contain<\/word>","Nixons<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","hate<\/word>","Andrews Air Force Base<\/word>","On the morning of August 9 in the East Room<\/strong>, Nixon gave a televised 20-minute farewell speech<\/strong> to the White House<\/strong> staff, during which time<\/strong> he read from Theodore Roosevelt's biography<\/strong> and praised his own<\/strong> parents. The First Lady could hardly contain<\/strong> her tears<\/strong>; she was most upset about the cameras, because they recorded her anguish, as they had during the 1960 election defeat. The Nixons<\/strong> walked onto the Executive Mansion's South Lawn<\/strong> with Vice President Gerald Ford<\/strong> and Betty Ford<\/strong>. The outgoing president departed from the White House<\/strong> on Marine One. As the family walked towards the helicopter, Pat<\/strong>, with one arm around her husband's waist and one around Betty's, said to Betty \"You'll see many of these red carpets, and you'll get so you hate<\/strong> 'em.\" The helicopter transported them to Andrews Air Force Base<\/strong>; from there they flew to California.<\/phrase>","Historian Carl Sferrazza Anthony<\/word>","White House<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","present<\/word>","Executive Mansion<\/word>","Historian Carl Sferrazza Anthony<\/strong> noted that ordinary citizens responded to, and identified with, Pat<\/strong> Nixon. When a group of people from a rural community visited the White House<\/strong> to present<\/strong> a quilt to the First Lady, many were overcome with nervousness; upon hearing their weeping, Pat<\/strong> hugged each individual tightly, and the tension dissipated. When a young boy doubted that the Executive Mansion<\/strong> was her house because he could not see her washing machine, Pat<\/strong> led him through the halls and up an elevator, into the family quarters and the laundry room. She mixed well with people of different races, and made no distinctions on that basis.<\/phrase>","San Clemente, California<\/word>","Patricia Nixon Elementary School<\/word>","Nixons<\/word>","La Casa Pacifica<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","press<\/word>","Artesia<\/word>","carry<\/word>","name<\/word>","After returning to San Clemente, California<\/strong>, in 1974 and settling into the Nixons<\/strong>' home, La Casa Pacifica<\/strong>, Pat<\/strong> Nixon rarely appeared in public and only granted occasional interviews to the press<\/strong>. In late May 1975, Pat<\/strong> went to her girlhood hometown of Artesia<\/strong> to dedicate the Patricia Nixon Elementary School<\/strong>. In her remarks, she said, \"I'm proud to have the school carry<\/strong> my name<\/strong>. I always thought that only those who have gone had schools named after them. I am happy to tell you that I'm not gone-I mean, not really gone.\" It was Pat<\/strong>'s only solo public appearance in five and a half years in California.<\/phrase>","paralysis<\/word>","Manhattan, New York<\/word>","Saddle River, New Jersey<\/word>","lung infections<\/word>","La Casa Pacifica<\/word>","stroke<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","On July 7, 1976, at La Casa Pacifica<\/strong>, Nixon suffered a stroke<\/strong>, which resulted in the paralysis<\/strong> of her entire left side. Physical therapy enabled her to eventually regain all movement. She said that her recovery was \"the hardest thing I have ever done physically\". In 1979, she and her husband moved to a townhouse on East 65th Street in Manhattan, New York<\/strong>. They lived there only briefly and in 1981 house in Saddle River, New Jersey<\/strong>. This gave the couple additional space, and enabled them to be near their children and grandchildren. Pat<\/strong>, however, sustained another stroke<\/strong> in 1983 and two lung infections<\/strong> the following year.<\/phrase>","Richard Nixon Library & Birthplace<\/word>","Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum<\/word>","Yorba Linda, California<\/word>","Ford<\/word>","Reagan<\/word>","Bush<\/word>","Pat Nixon room<\/word>","Pat Nixon amphitheater<\/word>","Ronald Reagan Presidential Library<\/word>","Simi Valley, California<\/word>","Former First Lady Barbara Bush<\/word>","Appearing<\/word>","Pat Nixon Rose<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","look<\/word>","smile<\/word>","time<\/word>","Appearing<\/strong> \"frail and slightly bent\", she appeared in public for the opening of the Richard Nixon Library & Birthplace<\/strong> (now Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum<\/strong>) in Yorba Linda, California<\/strong>, on July 19, 1990. The dedication ceremony included 50,000 friends and well-wishers, as well as former Presidents Ford<\/strong>, Reagan<\/strong>, and Bush<\/strong> and their wives. The library includes a Pat Nixon room<\/strong>, a Pat Nixon amphitheater<\/strong>, and rose gardens planted with the red-black Pat Nixon Rose<\/strong> developed by a French company in 1972, when she was first lady. Pat<\/strong> also attended the opening of the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library<\/strong> in Simi Valley, California<\/strong>, in November 1991. Former First Lady Barbara Bush<\/strong> reflected, \"I loved Pat<\/strong> Nixon, who was a sensational, gracious, and thoughtful First Lady\", and at the dedication of the Reagan<\/strong> Library, Bush<\/strong> remembered, \"There was one sad thing. Pat<\/strong> Nixon did not look<\/strong> well at all. Through her smile<\/strong> you could see that she was in great pain and having a terrible time<\/strong> getting air into her lungs.\"<\/phrase>","Park Ridge, New Jersey<\/word>","cigarette<\/word>","oral cancer<\/word>","emphysema<\/word>","Nixons<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","lung cancer<\/word>","The Nixons<\/strong> moved to a gated complex in Park Ridge, New Jersey<\/strong>, in 1991. Pat<\/strong>'s health was failing, and the house was smaller and contained an elevator. A heavy smoker most of her adult life who nevertheless never allowed herself to be seen with a cigarette<\/strong> in public, she eventually endured bouts of oral cancer<\/strong>, emphysema<\/strong>, and ultimately lung cancer<\/strong>, with which she was diagnosed in December 1992 while hospitalized with respiratory problems.<\/phrase>","Park Ridge, New Jersey<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","Pat<\/strong> Nixon died at her Park Ridge, New Jersey<\/strong>, home at 5:45 a.m. on June 22, 1993, the day after her fifty-third wedding anniversary. She was 81 years old. Her daughters and husband were by her side.<\/phrase>","Richard Nixon Library<\/word>","Ronald Reagan<\/word>","Gerald Ford<\/word>","Jacqueline Kennedy<\/word>","Pat<\/word>","place<\/word>","Yorba Linda<\/word>","Nancy<\/word>","Lady Bird Johnson<\/word>","attend<\/word>","stroke<\/word>","President Nixon<\/word>","Helen McCain Smith<\/word>","The funeral service for Pat<\/strong> Nixon took place<\/strong> on the grounds of the Richard Nixon Library<\/strong> in Yorba Linda<\/strong> on June 26, 1993. In addition to her husband and immediate family, former presidents Ronald Reagan<\/strong> and Gerald Ford<\/strong> and their wives, Nancy<\/strong> and Betty, were also in attendance. Lady Bird Johnson<\/strong> was unable to attend<\/strong> because she was in the hospital recovering from a stroke<\/strong>, and Jacqueline Kennedy<\/strong> Onassis did not attend<\/strong> either. President Nixon<\/strong> sobbed openly, profusely, and at times uncontrollably during the ceremony. 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