var presentation = ["<word>ancient North Africa<\/word>","<word>coalesced<\/word>","<word>the Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age<\/word>","<word>the Middle Kingdom of the Middle Bronze Age<\/word>","<word>the New Kingdom of the Late Bronze Age<\/word>","<phrase>Ancient Egypt was a civilization of <strong data-readahead=\"ancient North Africa\" class=\"presentation_word\">ancient North Africa<\/strong>, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River, situated in the place that is now the country Egypt. Ancient Egyptian civilization followed prehistoric Egypt and <strong data-readahead=\"coalesced\" class=\"presentation_word\">coalesced<\/strong> around 3100 BC with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under Menes (often identified with Narmer).  The history of ancient Egypt occurred as a series of stable kingdoms, separated by periods of relative instability known as Intermediate Periods: <strong data-readahead=\"the Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age\" class=\"presentation_word\">the Old Kingdom of the Early Bronze Age<\/strong>, <strong data-readahead=\"the Middle Kingdom of the Middle Bronze Age\" class=\"presentation_word\">the Middle Kingdom of the Middle Bronze Age<\/strong> and <strong data-readahead=\"the New Kingdom of the Late Bronze Age\" class=\"presentation_word\">the New Kingdom of the Late Bronze Age<\/strong>.<\/phrase>","<word>the pinnacle of its power<\/word>","<word>Alexander the Great<\/word>","<phrase>Egypt reached <strong data-readahead=\"the pinnacle of its power\" class=\"presentation_word\">the pinnacle of its power<\/strong> in the New Kingdom, ruling much of Nubia and a sizable portion of the Near East, after which it entered a period of slow decline. During the course of its history, Egypt was invaded or conquered by a number of foreign powers, including the Hyksos, the Libyans, the Nubians, the Assyrians, the Achaemenid Persians, and the Macedonians under the command of <strong data-readahead=\"Alexander the Great\" class=\"presentation_word\">Alexander the Great<\/strong>. The Greek Ptolemaic Kingdom, formed in the aftermath of Alexander's death, ruled Egypt until 30 BC, when, under Cleopatra, it fell to the Roman Empire and became a Roman province.<\/phrase>","<word>ability to adapt to the conditions of the Nile River valley for agriculture<\/word>","<word>social development and culture<\/word>","<word>bureaucracy<\/word>","<word>an elaborate system of religious beliefs<\/word>","<phrase>The success of ancient Egyptian civilization came partly from its <strong data-readahead=\"ability to adapt to the conditions of the Nile River valley for agriculture\" class=\"presentation_word\">ability to adapt to the conditions of the Nile River valley for agriculture<\/strong>. The predictable flooding and controlled irrigation of the fertile valley produced surplus crops, which supported a more dense population, and <strong data-readahead=\"social development and culture\" class=\"presentation_word\">social development and culture<\/strong>. With resources to spare, the administration sponsored mineral exploitation of the valley and surrounding desert regions, the early development of an independent writing system, the organization of collective construction and agricultural projects, trade with surrounding regions, and a military intended to assert Egyptian dominance. Motivating and organizing these activities was a <strong data-readahead=\"bureaucracy\" class=\"presentation_word\">bureaucracy<\/strong> of elite scribes, religious leaders, and administrators under the control of a pharaoh, who ensured the cooperation and unity of the Egyptian people in the context of <strong data-readahead=\"an elaborate system of religious beliefs\" class=\"presentation_word\">an elaborate system of religious beliefs<\/strong>.<\/phrase>","<word>monumental pyramids<\/word>","<word>obelisks<\/word>","<word>antiquities<\/word>","<word>excavations<\/word>","<phrase>The many achievements of the ancient Egyptians include the quarrying, surveying and construction techniques that supported the building of <strong data-readahead=\"monumental pyramids\" class=\"presentation_word\">monumental pyramids<\/strong>, temples, and <strong data-readahead=\"obelisks\" class=\"presentation_word\">obelisks<\/strong>; a system of mathematics, a practical and effective system of medicine, irrigation systems and agricultural production techniques, the first known planked boats, Egyptian faience and glass technology, new forms of literature, and the earliest known peace treaty, made with the Hittites. Ancient Egypt has left a lasting legacy. Its art and architecture were widely copied, and its <strong data-readahead=\"antiquities\" class=\"presentation_word\">antiquities<\/strong> carried off to far corners of the world. Its monumental ruins have inspired the imaginations of travellers and writers for centuries. A newfound respect for <strong data-readahead=\"antiquities\">antiquities<\/strong> and <strong data-readahead=\"excavations\" class=\"presentation_word\">excavations<\/strong> in the early modern period by Europeans and Egyptians led to the scientific investigation of Egyptian civilization and a greater appreciation of its cultural legacy.<\/phrase>","<word>the Kingdom of Kush and Mero\u00eb<\/word>","<word>obelisks<\/word>","<phrase>The culture and monuments of ancient Egypt have left a lasting legacy on the world. Egyptian civilization significantly influenced <strong data-readahead=\"the Kingdom of Kush and Mero\u00eb\" class=\"presentation_word\">the Kingdom of Kush and Mero\u00eb<\/strong> with both adopting Egyptian religious and architectural norms (hundreds of pyramids (6\u201330 meters high) were built in Egypt\/Sudan), as well as using Egyptian writing as the basis of the Meroitic script. Meroitic is the oldest written language in Africa, other than Egyptian, and was used from the 2nd century BC until the early 5th century AD. The cult of the goddess Isis, for example, became popular in the Roman Empire, as <strong data-readahead=\"obelisks\" class=\"presentation_word\">obelisks<\/strong> and other relics were transported back to Rome. The Romans also imported building materials from Egypt to erect Egyptian-style structures. Early historians such as Herodotus, Strabo, and Diodorus Siculus studied and wrote about the land, which Romans came to view as a place of mystery.<\/phrase>","<word>the Middle Ages and the Renaissance<\/word>","<word>medieval scholars<\/word>","<word>antiquities<\/word>","<phrase>During <strong data-readahead=\"the Middle Ages and the Renaissance\" class=\"presentation_word\">the Middle Ages and the Renaissance<\/strong>, Egyptian pagan culture was in decline after the rise of Christianity and later Islam, but interest in Egyptian antiquity continued in the writings of <strong data-readahead=\"medieval scholars\" class=\"presentation_word\">medieval scholars<\/strong> such as Dhul-Nun al-Misri and al-Maqrizi. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, European travellers and tourists brought back <strong data-readahead=\"antiquities\" class=\"presentation_word\">antiquities<\/strong> and wrote stories of their journeys, leading to a wave of Egyptomania across Europe. This renewed interest sent collectors to Egypt, who took, purchased, or were given many important <strong data-readahead=\"antiquities\">antiquities<\/strong>. Napoleon arranged the first studies in Egyptology when he brought some 150 scientists and artists to study and document Egypt's natural history, which was published in the Description de l'\u00c9gypte.<\/phrase>","<word>excavations<\/word>","<word>antiquities<\/word>","<phrase>In the 20th century, the Egyptian Government and archaeologists alike recognized the importance of cultural respect and integrity in <strong data-readahead=\"excavations\" class=\"presentation_word\">excavations<\/strong>. The Supreme Council of <strong data-readahead=\"antiquities\" class=\"presentation_word\">antiquities<\/strong> now approves and oversees all <strong data-readahead=\"excavations\">excavations<\/strong>, which are aimed at finding information rather than treasure. The council also supervises museums and monument reconstruction programs designed to preserve the historical legacy of Egypt.<\/phrase>"];
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