var presentation = ["<word>annual custom<\/word>","<word>practical jokes and hoaxes<\/word>","<word>not a public holiday<\/word>","<phrase>April Fools' Day or April Fool's Day is an <strong data-readahead=\"annual custom\" class=\"presentation_word\">annual custom<\/strong> on April 1 consisting of <strong data-readahead=\"practical jokes and hoaxes\" class=\"presentation_word\">practical jokes and hoaxes<\/strong>. Jokesters often expose their actions by shouting \"April Fools!\" at the recipient. Mass media can be involved in these pranks, which may be revealed as such the following day. The day is <strong data-readahead=\"not a public holiday\" class=\"presentation_word\">not a public holiday<\/strong> in any country except Odessa in Ukraine, where the first of April is an official city holiday. The custom of setting aside a day for playing harmless pranks upon one's neighbor has been relatively common in the world historically.<\/phrase>","<word>The Canterbury Tales<\/word>","<word>scholars<\/word>","<phrase>Origins\nA disputed association between April 1 and foolishness is in Geoffrey Chaucer's <strong data-readahead=\"The Canterbury Tales\" class=\"presentation_word\">The Canterbury Tales<\/strong> (1392). In the \"Nun's Priest's Tale\", a vain cock Chauntecleer is tricked by a fox on Syn March bigan thritty dayes and two. Readers apparently understood this line to mean \"32 March\", i.e. April 1. However, it is not clear that Chaucer was referencing April 1, since the text of the \"Nun's Priest's Tale\" also states that the story takes place on the day when the sun is in the sign of Taurus had y-runne Twenty degrees and one, which cannot be April 1. Modern <strong data-readahead=\"scholars\" class=\"presentation_word\">scholars<\/strong> believe that there is a copying error in the extant manuscripts and that Chaucer actually wrote, Syn March was gon. If so, the passage would have originally meant 32 days after March, i.e. 2 May, the anniversary of the engagement of King Richard II of England to Anne of Bohemia, which took place in 1381.<\/phrase>","<word>Eloy d'Amerval<\/word>","<word>poisson d'avril<\/word>","<word>the Middle Ages<\/word>","<phrase>In 1508, French poet <strong data-readahead=\"Eloy d'Amerval\" class=\"presentation_word\">Eloy d'Amerval<\/strong> referred to a <strong data-readahead=\"poisson d'avril\" class=\"presentation_word\">poisson d'avril<\/strong> (April fool, literally \"April's fish\"), possibly the first reference to the celebration in France. Some writers suggest that April Fools' originated because in <strong data-readahead=\"the Middle Ages\" class=\"presentation_word\">the Middle Ages<\/strong>, New Year's Day was celebrated on March 25 in most European towns, with a holiday that in some areas of France, specifically, ended on April 1, and those who celebrated New Year's Eve on January 1 made fun of those who celebrated on other dates by the invention of April Fools' Day. The use of January 1 as New Year's Day became common in France only in the mid-16th century, and the date was not adopted officially until 1564, by the Edict of Roussillon.\nIn 1561, Flemish poet Eduard de Dene wrote of a nobleman who sent his servants on foolish errands on April 1.<\/phrase>","<word>Dutch victory in 1572<\/word>","<word>homonym<\/word>","<phrase>In the Netherlands, the origin of April Fools' Day is often attributed to the <strong data-readahead=\"Dutch victory in 1572\" class=\"presentation_word\">Dutch victory in 1572<\/strong> at Brielle, where the Spanish Duke \u00c1lvarez de Toledo was defeated. Op 1 april verloor Alva zijn bril is a Dutch proverb, which can be translated as: \"On the first of April, Alva lost his glasses.\" In this case, \"bril\" (\"glasses\" in Dutch) serves as a <strong data-readahead=\"homonym\" class=\"presentation_word\">homonym<\/strong> for Brielle. This theory, however, provides no explanation for the international celebration of April Fools' Day.<\/phrase>","<word>Fooles holy day<\/word>","<phrase>In 1686, John Aubrey referred to the celebration as \"<strong data-readahead=\"Fooles holy day\" class=\"presentation_word\">Fooles holy day<\/strong>\", the first British reference. On April 1, 1698, several people were tricked into going to the Tower of London to \"see the Lions washed\".<\/phrase>","<word>the Genesis flood narrative<\/word>","<phrase>Although no Biblical scholar or historian is known to have mentioned a relationship, some have expressed the belief that the origins of April Fool's Day may go back to <strong data-readahead=\"the Genesis flood narrative\" class=\"presentation_word\">the Genesis flood narrative<\/strong>. In a 1908 edition of the Harper's Weekly cartoonist Bertha R. McDonald wrote:<\/phrase>","<word>Noah and the ark<\/word>","<phrase>Authorities gravely back with it to the time of <strong data-readahead=\"Noah and the ark\" class=\"presentation_word\">Noah and the ark<\/strong>. The London Public Advertiser of March 13, 1769, printed: \"The mistake of Noah sending the dove out of the ark before the water had abated, on the first day of April, and to perpetuate the memory of this deliverance it was thought proper, whoever forgot so remarkable a circumstance, to punish them by sending them upon some sleeveless errand similar to that ineffectual message upon which the bird was sent by the patriarch\".<\/phrase>","<word>radio and TV stations<\/word>","<word>newspapers<\/word>","<word>websites<\/word>","<phrase>Pranks\nAs well as people playing pranks on one another on April Fools' Day, elaborate pranks have appeared on <strong data-readahead=\"radio and TV stations\" class=\"presentation_word\">radio and TV stations<\/strong>, <strong data-readahead=\"newspapers\" class=\"presentation_word\">newspapers<\/strong>, and <strong data-readahead=\"websites\" class=\"presentation_word\">websites<\/strong>, and have been performed by large corporations. In one famous prank in 1957, the BBC broadcast a film in their Panorama current affairs series purporting to show Swiss farmers picking freshly-grown spaghetti, in what they called the Swiss Spaghetti Harvest. The BBC were soon flooded with requests to purchase a spaghetti plant, forcing them to declare the film a hoax on the news the next day.<\/phrase>","<word>pranks can catch and embarrass a wider audience than ever before<\/word>","<phrase>With the advent of the Internet and readily available global news services, April Fools' <strong data-readahead=\"pranks can catch and embarrass a wider audience than ever before\" class=\"presentation_word\">pranks can catch and embarrass a wider audience than ever before<\/strong>.<\/phrase>","<word>controversial<\/word>","<word>newspapers<\/word>","<phrase>Reception\nThe practice of April Fool pranks and hoaxes is <strong data-readahead=\"controversial\" class=\"presentation_word\">controversial<\/strong>. The mixed opinions of critics are epitomized in the reception to the 1957 BBC \"Spaghetti-tree hoax\", in reference to which, <strong data-readahead=\"newspapers\" class=\"presentation_word\">newspapers<\/strong> were split over whether it was \"a great joke or a terrible hoax on the public\".<\/phrase>","<word>good for one's health<\/word>","<word>benefits of laughter<\/word>","<word>stress relief<\/word>","<word>reducing strain<\/word>","<phrase>The positive view is that April Fools' can be <strong data-readahead=\"good for one's health\" class=\"presentation_word\">good for one's health<\/strong> because it encourages \"jokes, hoaxes...pranks, [and] belly laughs\", and brings all the <strong data-readahead=\"benefits of laughter\" class=\"presentation_word\">benefits of laughter<\/strong> including <strong data-readahead=\"stress relief\" class=\"presentation_word\">stress relief<\/strong> and <strong data-readahead=\"reducing strain\" class=\"presentation_word\">reducing strain<\/strong> on the heart. There are many \"best of\" April Fools' Day lists that are compiled in order to showcase the best examples of how the day is celebrated. Various April Fools' campaigns have been praised for their innovation, creativity, writing, and general effort.<\/phrase>","<word>schadenfreude<\/word>","<word>deceit<\/word>","<word>misinterpreted<\/word>","<phrase>The negative view describes April Fools' hoaxes as \"creepy and manipulative\", \"rude\" and \"a little bit nasty\", as well as based on <strong data-readahead=\"schadenfreude\" class=\"presentation_word\">schadenfreude<\/strong> and <strong data-readahead=\"deceit\" class=\"presentation_word\">deceit<\/strong>. When genuine news or a genuine important order or warning is issued on April Fools' Day, there is risk that it will be <strong data-readahead=\"misinterpreted\" class=\"presentation_word\">misinterpreted<\/strong> as a joke and ignored \u2013 for example, when Google, known to play elaborate April Fools' Day hoaxes, announced the launch of Gmail with 1-gigabyte inboxes in 2004, an era when competing webmail services offered 4-megabytes or less, many dismissed it as a joke outright. On the other hand, sometimes stories intended as jokes are taken seriously. Either way, there can be adverse effects, such as confusion, misinformation, waste of resources (especially when the hoax concerns people in danger) and even legal or commercial consequences.<\/phrase>"];
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